Gettysburg Address -“OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE”-Lincoln

NOVEMBER 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address where 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded in a 3 day battle:

“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.

We are met on a great battlefield of that war.

We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.

It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us –

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion —

that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain —

that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom —

and that government

OF the PEOPLE,

BY the PEOPLE,

FOR the PEOPLE,

shall not perish from the earth.”

President Theodore Roosevelt stated in 1903:

“In NO other place and at NO other time has the experiment of government

OF the PEOPLE,

BY the PEOPLE,

FOR the PEOPLE,

been tried on so vast a scale as here in our own country.”

Is “Government Of the People, BY the People, FOR the People” perishing?

Students are taught America is a democracy, historians clarify it is a constitutional republic, but in reality America has been functioning as a despotism of an oligarchy — a rule by a few unelected Federal Judges.

Thomas Jefferson wrote to William Jarvis, September 28, 1820:

“You seem … to consider the judges as the ultimate arbiters of all constitutional questions; a very dangerous doctrine indeed, and one which would place us under the despotism of an oligarchy.”

Webster’s 1828 Dictionary defines “oligarchy” as:

“A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in a few hands; a species of aristocracy.”

AN EXAMPLE

Missouri’s legislators passed a ban on partial birth abortion on September 5, 1999, but the Democrat Governor Mel Carnahan vetoed it.

In a historic session, 15,000 citizens knelt in prayer in a circle around the State Capitol as the Legislature overrode his veto.

Days later Federal District Judge Scott O. Wright suspended the law — and five years later it was still in limbo.

For years a bill to ban partial birth abortion worked its way through the U.S. Congress, being signed by the President November 5, 2003.

The next day a Federal Judge suspended the law indefinitely.

In fact, thirty-one States passed bans on partial birth abortion, only to have unelected Federal Judges suspend them.

DEFINITION OF DESPOTISM

Webster 1828 Dictionary defined a “despotism” as having:

“Absolute and arbitrary authority … independent of the control of men.”

Thomas Jefferson warned of judicial despotism to William Jarvis, September 28, 1820:

“Our judges are as honest as other men, and not more so … and their power (is) the more dangerous, as they are in office for life and not responsible, as the other functionaries are, to the elective control.

The Constitution has erected no such single tribunal, knowing that to whatever hands confided, with corruptions of time and party, its members would become despots.”

In his 1841 Inaugural Address, President William Henry Harrison warned:

“The great danger to our institutions does … appear to me to be … the accumulation in one of the departments of that which was assigned to others.

Limited as are the powers which have been granted, still enough have been granted to constitute a despotism if concentrated in one of the departments.”

EXERCISE IN FUTILITY

Immense effort goes into the legislative process – political campaigns, registering voters, getting to polls, voting, swearing in, introducing bills, debating bills, voting on bills, overriding vetoes –

yet this is all an exercise in futility if only a few unelected judges can invalidate the entire process.

For example:

LINCOLN’S VIEW OF COURTS

In 1857, Democrat appointed Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney gave his infamous Dred Scott decision that slaves were not citizens, but property.

In his First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stated:

“I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court …

The candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made … the people will have ceased to be their own rulers,

having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of the eminent tribunal.”

Have Americans “ceased to be their own rulers”? Have Americans “resigned their Government into the hands of the eminent tribunal”?

Have we become an American oligarchy? Can “Government OF the People, BY the People, FOR the People” be preserved?

USURPING POWER

Fifty-five men helped write the Constitution, but only thirty-nine signed it.

Why did some not sign it?

They did not think it put enough limits on the power of the Federal Government.

Men like Samuel Adams, George Mason and Patrick Henry were against the Constitution. Why? Because they thought there were not enough limits on the power of the Federal Government.

The promoters of the Constitution promised the thirteen states that if they ratified the Constitution, the first action of new Congress would be to put limits on the new Federal Government.

There were 12 Amendments proposed, of which 10 were ratified. These ten limitations on the Federal Government are called the Bill of Rights.

Over time, the Federal Government has gradually usurped power from the states.

Foreseeing this, Thomas Jefferson warned Mr. Hammond in 1821:

“The germ of dissolution of our federal government is in … the federal judiciary;

an irresponsible body … working like gravity by night and by day, gaining a little today and a little tomorrow,

and advancing its noiseless step like a thief, over the field of jurisdiction, until all shall be usurped from the states.”

Appalled that judges were usurping power, Jefferson wrote September 6, 1819:

“The Constitution is a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they please.”

CONCENTRATED POWER IS THE ENEMY

The Founders disliked concentrated power. Colonial leader John Cotton stated:

“For whatever transcendent power is given, will certainly over-run those that give it … It is necessary therefore, that all power that is on earth be limited.”

James Madison stated at the Constitutional Convention, 1787:

“All men having power ought to be distrusted.”

George Washington stated in his Farewell Address, September 17, 1796:

“And of fatal tendency … to put, in the place of the delegated will of the Nation, the will of a party – often a small but artful and enterprising minority …

They are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the Power of the People and to usurp for themselves the reins of Government;

destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.”

President Andrew Jackson stated in his Bank Renewal Bill Veto, July 10, 1832:

“It is easy to conceive that great evils to our country and its institutions might flow from such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men irresponsible to the people.

Mere precedent (stare decisis) is a dangerous source of authority, and should not be regarded as deciding questions of constitutional power.”

President William Henry Harrison stated in his Inaugural Address, 1841:

“The tendency of power to increase itself, particularly when exercised by a single individual … would terminate in virtual monarchy.”

Lord Acton wrote in his letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton, April 5, 1881:

“All power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

WHO CONTROLS GOVERNMENT

James Madison sums up the current dilemma in Federalist Paper #51:

“In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this:

you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.”

Is the Judicial Branch under control?

President Andrew Jackson stated in his Seventh Annual Message, December 7, 1835:

“All history tells us that a free people should be watchful of delegated power, and should never acquiesce in a practice which will diminish their control over it.”

Citizens must not to give in to “a practice which will diminish their control over” the delegated power of the Judicial Branch, lest Americans find themselves pledging, not “to the Republic, for which it stands,” but to a new American oligarchy.

Abraham Lincoln reminded citizens, September 16-17, 1859:

“The people are the rightful masters of both Congresses, and Courts.”

CONFUSION OF POWERS

November 18, 2003, even as Massachusetts Legislators were working to define marriage as between a man and a woman, four State Supreme Court Judges “ordered” the State Legislature to pass a law within 180 days recognizing homosexual marriage.

Instead of “Separation of Powers,” the Massachusetts Supreme Court suffered “Confusion of Powers.”

The Judicial Branch of government cannot “order” the Legislative Branch to do anything.

Thomas Jefferson wrote to Abigail Adams, September 11, 1804:

“Nothing in the Constitution has given them (judges) a right to decide for the Executive, more than to the Executive to decide for them …

But the opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are constitutional, and what not, not only for themselves in their own sphere of action, but for the legislature and executive also, in their spheres, would make the judiciary a despotic branch.”

Deciding what laws are needed is the responsibility of the Legislative Branch.

The Judicial Branch is simply to administer the laws according to the meaning the legislators had when passing the laws.

Thomas Jefferson explained to Supreme Court Justice William Johnson, June 12, 1823:

“On every question of construction, carry ourselves back to the time when the Constitution was adopted, recollect the spirit manifested in the debates,

and instead of trying what meaning may be squeezed out of the text, or invented against it, conform to the probable one in which it was passed.”

ALL WOULD BE LOST

Baron Montesquieu, the most quoted writer by the Framers of the Constitution, warned of the dangers of uncontrolled judicial power in his Spirit of the Laws, 1748:

“Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separated from legislative power and from executive power.

If it were joined to legislative power, the power over life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator.

If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.

All would be lost if the same … body of principal men … exercised these three powers.”

Alexis de Tocqueville, author of Democracy in America (1835), warned:

“The President, who exercises a limited power, may err without causing great mischief in the State.

Congress may decide amiss without destroying the Union, because the electoral body in which Congress originates may cause it to retract its decision by changing its members.

But if the Supreme Court is ever composed of imprudent men or bad citizens, the Union may be plunged into anarchy or civil war.”